A urinalysis involves checking the urine for color, appearance, whether there are substances that are not normally present in urine, such as blood, glucose, and bilirubin, or germs. This test is often performed by healthcare professionals to check for kidney problems, urinary tract infections, or diabetes. Also, for individuals who are admitted to hospital before surgery or during pregnancy. The test includes microscopy to check for pathogenic elements in the urine, such as crystals, and casts.