Mycobacterium is a genus of organisms known to cause spectrum of serious human diseases, commonly implicated pathogenic are Mycobaterium tuberculosis, leprae and atypical mycobacteria. Mycobacterium PCR is highly sensitive molecular diagnostic test involving amplification of mycobacterial DNA target using PCR primers, followed by detection to identify Mycobacterium organisms in clinically indicated cases. This test is valuable to healthcare professionals for early detection, treatment, and surveillance.