The Beta-galactosidase test evaluates enzyme deficiency, particularly beta-galactosidase, a lysosomal enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of gangliosides. This test is performed in suspected cases of GM1 gangliosidosis and Mucopolysaccharidosis where reduced beta-galactosidase enzyme activity is observed. Healthcare professionals employ this test to identify lysosomal storage disorders such as GM1 gangliosidosis and mucopolysaccharidosis type IVB, guiding therapeutic interventions.