The Hepatitis B screening test detects Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and Hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb). HBsAg indicates active HBV infection, HBcAb suggests past or ongoing infection. This comprehensive test aids in diagnosing Hepatitis B, distinguishing between acute and chronic phases, and assessing immunity post-infection and identifying individuals at risk of transmitting the virus.