The Yersinia Culture test is conducted to identify a gram-negative bacillus Yersinia enterocolitica, which causes yersiniosis characterized by symptoms like acute diarrhoea, mesenteric adenitis, terminal ileitis, and pseudo appendicitis. Healthcare professionals utilize this test to confirm the presence of Yersinia enterocolitica infection and differentiate it from other conditions such as appendicitis and colitis caused by other factors.