APT Test
Maternal blood ingestion usually happens perinatally, and it typically presents as maroon/coffee-ground emesis, blood-streaked stools, or melena. The alkali denaturation (Apt) test is the most relevant test for healthcare professionals to assess if blood in stool is swallowed maternal blood. A modified Apt test can distinguish between adult and infant blood stains of nonstool origin.
Thrombin Time
The Thrombin time (TT) test evaluates disorders and functions related to fibrinogen level by measuring time taken to form a fibrin clot after thrombin is introduced to a plasma sample. The test results are used in assessing dysfibrinogenemia, afibrinogenemia, or heparin therapy monitoring.
PT/INR
The PT/INR test assesses the prothrombin time (PT) of blood to undergo coagulation, and the test is used to ensure the therapeutic range of anticoagulant therapy to prevent blood clots or excessive bleeding. The results obtained are standardised by the International Normalized Ratio (INR) across different labs and reagents.
PT Mixing study
Mixing studies are conducted to assess unexpected, prolonged prothrombin time (PT). The mixing study aims to recognize whether the PT prolongation is ancillary to a factor deficiency versus an inhibitor. The distinction between a factor deficiency and an inhibitor may further direct clinical decisions, comprising additional diagnostic testing or factor replacement therapy.
Protein S Activity
Protein S (PS) activity assays are based on the characteristic of PS acting as a co-factor to activate protein C (APC) in the proteolytic inactivation of factors such as Va and VIIIa. Healthcare professionals use this assay to estimate the functional protein S level to diagnose congenital or acquired protein S deficiency.
Protein C Activity
Protein C has a significant role as an anticoagulant, and people with a protein C deficiency or with some form of protein C activation dysfunction are at much higher risk of thrombosis. This assay aids healthcare professionals in investigating the cause of multiple miscarriages as well as diagnosing underlying liver disease.
Mixing Study APTT
APTT mixing studies helps clinicians in distinguishing inhibitors from factor deficiencies, or time-dependent from time-independent inhibitors. In case of patients presenting for surgery may have isolated or combined prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). A mixing study is conducted in patients not getting anticoagulants or with no identifiable cause for abnormal clot formation.
Lupus Investigation (Lupus Anticoagulant Confirmatory Test)
Lupus anticoagulant testing is often performed by healthcare professionals when the antiphospholipid syndrome is suspected. This test usually uses LA-sensitive PTT and dilute Russell viper venom test (DRVVT). Furthermore, a confirmatory test involves the addition of excess phospholipids to reduce or correct the prolonged coagulation test.
Factor XII Assay
The Factor XII Assay measures the concentration and activity of Factor XII, a cascade protein involved in the intrinsic pathway of coagulation. Factor XII can sometimes present with asymptomatic bleeding tendency; thus, the test helps healthcare providers identify bleeding disorders in highly suspected individuals for diagnosis, risk assessment, and plan therapeutic interventions, including factor replacement […]
Factor XI Assay
The Factor XI Assay measures the concentration and activity of Factor XI, an essential cascade protein involved in the intrinsic pathway of coagulation. The test is indicated to evaluate abnormal hemostasis due to Factor XI deficiencies. The test helps healthcare providers identify bleeding disorders secondary to factor XI deficiency, risk assessment and tailoring therapeutic interventions.
