Xylenes – urine Includes: Xylenes meta, para and ortho
Xylenes are a group of isomeric chemicals such as meta-xylene, para-xylene, and ortho-xylene. They are volatile organic compounds (VOCs) commonly found in industrial products, paints, varnishes, adhesives, and solvents. Its exposure can occur through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact, leading to health hazards. The concentration of xylene metabolites indicates recent exposure to xylenes. It helps […]
Voriconazole
Voriconazole is an antifungal medication mainly used to treat invasive mycotic infections, including Candida, Aspergillus, and other fungi. Voriconazole level assay measures the concentration of voriconazole in the blood. Monitoring helps therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) as this molecule exhibits a narrow therapeutic range, enabling prescribed individualized dosing. Test aids in minimizing the risk of toxicity, […]
VITAMIN K
Vitamin K assay measures the concentration of vitamin K in the blood. Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin, available as vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) and vitamin K2 (menaquinone), involved in blood clotting and bone metabolism. This test indicates easy bruising, impaired clotting, and increased bleeding tendencies secondary to vitamin K deficiency due to poor absorption, metabolism […]
VITAMIN B3
Vitamin B3 level, a niacin or nicotinic acid test, is an essential nutrient in body metabolism and nervous system function. Measuring the concentration of niacin helps to assess deficiency or excess. Its deficiency can result in pellagra, characterized by symptoms such as diarrhoea, neurological weakness, dermatitis, diarrhoea and dementia. Excessive intake leads to flushing, itching […]
Vanadium – urine
Vanadium in urine is a laboratory analysis used to measure the concentration of vanadium excreted in urine sample. Vanadium is a metallic element released into the environment through industrial processes involving metal production, welding, or vanadium mining. Its exposure can occur through inhalation of fumes, ingestion of food or water and skin contact causing health […]
Trans-muconic acid – ttMA – urine
Trans-muconic acid(tMA) is metabolite by product of petrochemicals particularly benzene excreted in urine. This biomarker helps to evaluate exposure to industrial chemicals found in plastic products and gasoline. It is a known carcinogen, has adverse health reactions on continuous exposure. Monitoring its levels is useful in assessing occupational or environmental exposure to benzene, helping to […]
Toluene – whole blood
Toluene is an organic compound commonly found in paints, glues, and solvents. Exposure to toluene can occur through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact, leading to toxicity. The analysis is performed on whole blood samples with chromatography-mass spectrometry analytical methods quantifying toluene. The test evaluates occupational and environmental toxicity and research studies to plan interventions.
S-Phenyl mercapturic acid – urine
S-phenyl mercapturic acid is a benzene metabolite in cigarette smoke and various industrial products. Measurement commonly involves high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry analytical methods capable of detecting and measuring accurate S-PMA levels. Urine level is a biomarker to assess exposure to benzene. The test evaluates occupational exposure, environmental toxicity, and research studies to […]
RICKETTSIA ANTIBODY IgM
Rickettsia IgM antibody testing is a serological test used to detect the presence of IgM antibodies specific to the Rickettsia bacterial antigen. Rickettsia is bacteria causing Rocky Mountain spotted fever, typhus and rickettsialpox. The immune system produces IgM antibodies, the earliest-formed antibodies. Their presence indicates acute infection. The test is helpful in diagnosing recent exposure […]
RICKETTSIA ANTIBODY IgG
Rickettsia IgG antibody testing is a serological test detecting IgG antibodies specific to Rickettsia bacterial antigen. Rickettsia are bacteria causing Rocky Mountain spotted fever, typhus and rickettsial pox. IgG antibodies produced by the immune system determine long-term infection and remain detectable in blood for an extended period after the initial exposure. The test helps diagnose […]
