o-Cresol – urine
O-Cresol is a phenol derivative component of industrial solvents, disinfectants, and pesticides. Exposure can happen accidentally through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. This compound can be estimated in urine samples as a marker of exposure and concentrations of toluene. The test helps healthcare professionals evaluate occupational exposure and environmental contamination and monitor public health.
Nickel – urine
A urine test for nickel measures the concentration of nickel excreted in urine. Nickel is an essential micromineral for bodily functions. Excessive exposure occurring through inhalation of nickel-containing fumes, ingestion of contaminated food or water, and direct skin contact leads to toxicity and adverse health effects. The test evaluates occupational exposure, environmental toxicity and research […]
Methyl hippuric acid – urine Test
The urine test for Methyl hippuric acid is used to identify its presence (HA) and that of methyl hippuric acid (MHA). Prolonged exposure to xylene can lead to nervous system dysfunction, along with notable effects such as intense eye, skin, and mucosal irritation. Healthcare professionals utilize this test for diagnosing occupational exposure and evaluating the […]
IODINE
An iodine test measures the iodine level to assess thyroid function, as iodine is crucial for thyroid hormone production, insufficient supply of thyroid hormones to the brain may cause neurocognitive impairment. Low levels may indicate an iodine deficiency, while high levels can be a sign of certain thyroid disorders.
Hippuric Acid, Urine Test
The urinary hippuric acid (HA) test measures hippuric acid levels, a prevalent urinary metabolite. Healthcare professionals utilize this test to identify changes in liver functions, such as inborn errors of urea synthesis and non-ketotic hyperglycemia. Moreover, it is a biomarker for consuming fruits and vegetables and functions as a nonspecific indicator of toluene exposure.
Ethosuximide
Ethosuximide is an antiepileptic drug used in the treatment of absence or petit mal seizures, characterized by brief periods of unconsciousness. The drug helps by suppressing abnormal electrical activity in the brain that leads to seizures. Therapeutic drug monitoring is suggested in cases to measure the concentration of ethosuximide in blood, assess toxicity levels, and […]
Cadmium Urine
The urinary cadmium test detects the levels of cadmium in urine. Humans encounter cadmium through sources such as cigarettes, food, etc. After exposure, cadmium accumulates in the kidneys, gradually releasing into the urine. Healthcare professionals use single-spot urine samples with measurable cadmium levels to indicate prolonged exposure to this element.
BIOTINIDASE
The biotinidase test measures the activity of the biotinidase enzyme, aiding in diagnosing biotinidase deficiency, a rare inherited disorder where the body cannot recycle biotin. Low enzyme activity indicates its deficiency, which leads to neurological and developmental problems. This test is performed on newborns as part of newborn screening program.
BIOTIN (VITAMIN H)
Biotin, or vitamin H/B7, is crucial for metabolism, aiding in carbohydrate, fat, and protein breakdown. Testing for biotin levels diagnoses deficiency, often in malabsorption or long-term intravenous feeding cases. Low levels result in symptoms like hair loss, skin rash, and neurological issues, underscoring its significance in wellbeing.
BETA D GLUCAN LEVEL
Beta-D-glucan (BDG), a polysaccharide in various organisms’ cell walls, serves as a biomarker for fungal infections, notably invasive ones like candidiasis and aspergillosis. Elevated BDG levels in blood suggest such infections. Testing is common in high-risk patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy to detect fungal infections.
